Here's what the experts have to say about the different terms and claims you might see on toothpaste labels:
* Fluoride. You should only buy toothpastes that contain fluoride. On the label, this may be called stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride or monofluoride phosphate (MFP). This is the ingredient all oral care professionals seem to agree upon as the basis for using commercial toothpastes. As long as the product has fluoride, it will help maintain oral health.
* Tartar control. The active tartar-control ingredient, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, has been proven to prevent tartar, but it can't remove tartar already on the teeth. Only a professional cleaning can do that. Some dentists say tartar-control pastes can cause mouth irritation, and do not do enough extra to warrant the risk of this irritation.
* Baking soda. Despite all the hype about baking soda toothpastes, there is no proof that they have any effect whatsoever. Some dentists warn that the baking soda is far too abrasive for continual use, and may actually lead to gum problems and irritation in the mouth. Some consumers, however, like the taste and feel of baking soda in the mouth.
* Peroxide. While the ADA believes current levels of peroxide in toothpastes are safe, some dental experts say peroxide can irritate and damage gum tissue. The bubbling may make you feel like you're getting a better cleaning, but there is no scientific proof of this.
* Desensitizing toothpastes. These work for mild cases of tooth hypersensitivity, but expect to wait four to six weeks before you feel any results. The ADA recognizes two effective ingredients in treating sensitive teeth and gums: strontium chloride and potassium nitrate. These "block the tube-like channels that pass through teeth and connect to nerves," thereby reducing "the ability of the nerves to transmit pain," says the ADA. Keep in mind that these won't work for tooth pain caused by cavities or tooth problems other than receding gums.
* Abrasives. These are essential for removing plaque, and are usually in the form of silica. All ADA-approved toothpastes contain mild abrasives.
* Whitening ability. As mentioned above, no toothpaste has been proven effective in actually changing the color of teeth. The whitening toothpastes merely clean surface stains, and cannot change the underlying tooth color.
Although toothpaste commercials often show actors squirting a huge, swirling amount of toothpaste on the brush, experts stress than you need no more than a pea-sized amount of toothpaste to do the job -- more than that is just product waste. Kids need even less; Dr. Kimberly A. Loos says children older than two only need a match-head-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste.